Essential genetic testing in movement disorders - results from a Delphi study

Abstract

Background: While genetic testing in Movement Disorders (MD) has expanded enormously, access to genetic testing and genetic counseling remains asymmetric at the global scale. Guidance on efficient testing strategies for clinicians, governments and stakeholders is crucial. Objectives: Establish a list of genetic movement disorders considered essential as determined by a group of MD experts. Methods: All genes associated with MD were searched using the OMIM and MDS Gene database. We collected all additional tests available at 4 different laboratories from the EuroGentest database. The results were compiled in 6 questionnaires. A genetic test was considered essential if molecular testing had a direct impact in the management of the patient, including treatment of the disease or its comorbidities, or genetic counseling of the patient and family members. Two Delphi rounds were conducted asking MD experts which specific tests they considered essential in an adult MD clinic. Results: Fifty-nine disorders were considered essential to genetically identify by the MD experts. This included 25 genes associated with ataxia, 15 with parkinsonism, 14 with dystonia, eight with chorea, five with paroxysmal disorders, four with myoclonus, four with hereditary spastic paraparesis, and one with tremor. Sixteen disorders reached 100% consensus among experts: Huntington's disease, PxMD-PPRT2, Wilson's disease, DYT-SGCE, DYT-THAP1, DYT-TOR1A, DYT/PARK-GCH1, Fragile-X Tremor-ataxia syndrome, PARK-GBA, PARK-LRRK2, PARK-PINK1, PARK-PRKN, PARK-SNCA, Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis, Ataxia-Telangiectasia, and Niemann-Pick disease type C. Conclusion: This study provides a list of genetic MD that should be molecularly tested in adult centers with a compatible phenotype according to a group of MD experts.