Background Although solid information on the natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is available, evidence regarding impact of disease activity on PPMS progression remains controversial. Objective To ...

Background and purpose With the new highly active drugs available for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), vaccination becomes an essential part of the risk management strategy. We aimed to develop a European evidence-based ...

Introduction: The emergence of several therapeutic options in multiple sclerosis (MS), which significantly modify the immune system functioning, has led to the need for the consideration of additional factors, such as risk ...

Objective: To investigate the effects of leptin on different T-cell populations, in order to gain more insight into the link between leptin and obesity. Methods: Three hundred and nine RRMS patients and 322 controls ...

Several lines of evidence suggest that multiple sclerosis (MS), like other autoimmune diseases, may be triggered by microbial infections. Pathogens associated with development or exacerbation of MS include bacteria, such ...

Over the recent years, the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has evolved very rapidly and a large number of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are now available. ...