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Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia in adverse environments: examining the effect of poverty and violence in six Latin American cities

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dc.contributor.author Crossley, Nicolas
dc.contributor.author Zugman, Andre
dc.contributor.author Reyes-Madrigal, Francisco
dc.contributor.author Czepielewski, Leticia
dc.contributor.author Castro, Mariana Nair
dc.contributor.author Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana María
dc.contributor.author Pineda-Zapata, Julián
dc.contributor.author Reckziegel, Ramiro
dc.contributor.author Gadelha, Ary
dc.contributor.author Jackowski, Andrea
dc.contributor.author Noto, Cristiano
dc.contributor.author Alliende Serra, Luz Maria
dc.contributor.author Iruretagoyena, Bárbara
dc.contributor.author Ossandon, Tomas
dc.contributor.author Ramirez-Mahaluf, Juan Pablo
dc.contributor.author Castañeda, Carmen Paz
dc.contributor.author Gonzalez-Valderrama, Alfonso
dc.contributor.author Nachar, Rubén
dc.contributor.author Guinjoan, Salvador Martín
dc.contributor.author ANDES Network
dc.date.accessioned 2021-02-09T13:09:33Z
dc.date.available 2021-02-09T13:09:33Z
dc.date.issued 2020-08-18
dc.identifier.citation Crossley NA, Zugman A, Reyes-Madrigal F, Czepielewski LS, Castro MN, Diaz-Zuluaga AM, Pineda-Zapata JA, Reckziegel R, Gadelha A, Jackowski A, Noto C, Alliende LM, Iruretagoyena B, Ossandon T, Ramirez-Mahaluf JP, Castañeda CP, Gonzalez-Valderrama A, Nachar R, León-Ortiz P, Undurraga J, López-Jaramillo C, Guinjoan SM, Gama CS, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Bressan RA; ANDES Network. Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia in adverse environments: examining the effect of poverty and violence in six Latin American cities. Br J Psychiatry. 2021 Feb;218(2):112-118. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.143 en_US
dc.identifier.uri https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.143
dc.identifier.uri https://repositorio.fleni.org.ar/handle/123456789/361
dc.description.abstract Background Social and environmental factors such as poverty or violence modulate the risk and course of schizophrenia. However, how they affect the brain in patients with psychosis remains unclear. Aims We studied how environmental factors are related to brain structure in patients with schizophrenia and controls in Latin America, where these factors are large and unequally distributed. Method This is a multicentre study of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with schizophrenia and controls from six Latin American cities. Total and voxel-level grey matter volumes, and their relationship with neighbourhood characteristics such as average income and homicide rates, were analysed with a general linear model. Results A total of 334 patients with schizophrenia and 262 controls were included. Income was differentially related to total grey matter volume in both groups (P = 0.006). Controls showed a positive correlation between total grey matter volume and income (R = 0.14, P = 0.02). Surprisingly, this relationship was not present in patients with schizophrenia (R = −0.076, P = 0.17). Voxel-level analysis confirmed that this interaction was widespread across the cortex. After adjusting for global brain changes, income was positively related to prefrontal cortex volumes only in controls. Conversely, the hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia, but not in controls, was relatively larger in affluent environments. There was no significant correlation between environmental violence and brain structure. Conclusions Our results highlight the interplay between environment, particularly poverty, and individual characteristics in psychosis. This is particularly important for harsh environments such as low- and middle-income countries, where potentially less brain vulnerability (less grey matter loss) is sufficient to become unwell in adverse (poor) environments. en_US
dc.language.iso eng en_US
dc.publisher Cambridge University Press en_US
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.subject Schizophrenia en_US
dc.subject Esquizofrenia en_US
dc.subject Poverty Areas en_US
dc.subject Áreas de Pobreza en_US
dc.subject Violence en_US
dc.subject Violencia en_US
dc.subject Latin America en_US
dc.subject América Latina en_US
dc.title Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia in adverse environments: examining the effect of poverty and violence in six Latin American cities en_US
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article en_US
dc.description.fil Fil: Crossley, Nicolas. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile.
dc.description.fil Fil: Zugman, Andre. Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brasil.
dc.description.fil Fil: Reyes-Madrigal, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; México.
dc.description.fil Fil: Czepielewski, Leticia. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil.
dc.description.fil Fil: Castro, Mariana Nair. Fleni. Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET; Argentina. Fleni. Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta; Argentina.
dc.description.fil Fil: Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana María. Universidad de Antioquía; Colombia.
dc.description.fil Fil: Pineda-Zapata, Julián. Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica; Colombia.
dc.description.fil Fil: Reckziegel, Ramiro. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil.
dc.description.fil Fil: Gadelha, Ary. Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brasil.
dc.description.fil Fil: Jackowski, Andrea. Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brasil.
dc.description.fil Fil: Noto, Cristiano. Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brasil.
dc.description.fil Fil: Alliende Serra, Luz Maria. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile.
dc.description.fil Fil: Iruretagoyena, Bárbara. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile.
dc.description.fil Fil: Ossandon, Tomas. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile.
dc.description.fil Fil: Ramirez-Mahaluf, Juan Pablo. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile.
dc.description.fil Fil: Castañeda, Carmen Paz. Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. José Horwitz Barak; Chile.
dc.description.fil Fil: Gonzalez-Valderrama, Alfonso. Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. José Horwitz Barak; Chile.
dc.description.fil Fil: Nachar, Rubén. Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. José Horwitz Barak; Chile.
dc.description.fil Fil: Guinjoan, Salvador Martín. Fleni. Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fleni. Servicio de Psiquiatría; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental; Argentina.
dc.relation.ispartofVOLUME 218
dc.relation.ispartofNUMBER 2
dc.relation.ispartofPAGINATION 112-118
dc.relation.ispartofCOUNTRY Reino Unido
dc.relation.ispartofCITY Cambridge
dc.relation.ispartofTITLE The British journal of psychiatry
dc.relation.ispartofISSN 1472-1465
dc.type.snrd info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo es_ES


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