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Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men

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dc.contributor.author Zugman, Andre
dc.contributor.author Alliende, Luz María
dc.contributor.author Medel, Vicente
dc.contributor.author A I Bethlehem, Richard
dc.contributor.author Seidlitz, Jakob
dc.contributor.author Ringlein, Grace
dc.contributor.author Arango, Celso
dc.contributor.author Arnatkevičiūtė, Aurina
dc.contributor.author Asmal, Laila
dc.contributor.author Bellgrove, Mark
dc.contributor.author Benegal, Vivek
dc.contributor.author Bernardo, Miquel
dc.contributor.author Billeke, Pablo
dc.contributor.author Bosch-Bayard, Jorge
dc.contributor.author Bressan, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.author Busatto, Geraldo F.
dc.contributor.author Castro, Mariana Nair
dc.contributor.author Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany
dc.contributor.author Compte, Albert
dc.contributor.author Villarreal, Mirta Fabiana
dc.date.accessioned 2024-07-15T13:15:27Z
dc.date.available 2024-07-15T13:15:27Z
dc.date.issued 2023-05-16
dc.identifier.citation Zugman A, Alliende LM, Medel V, Bethlehem RAI, Seidlitz J, Ringlein G, Arango C, Arnatkevičiūtė A, Asmal L, Bellgrove M, Benegal V, Bernardo M, Billeke P, Bosch-Bayard J, Bressan R, Busatto GF, Castro MN, Chaim-Avancini T, Compte A, Costanzi M, Czepielewski L, Dazzan P, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Di Forti M, Díaz-Caneja CM, María Díaz-Zuluaga A, Du Plessis S, Duran FLS, Fittipaldi S, Fornito A, Freimer NB, Gadelha A, Gama CS, Garani R, Garcia-Rizo C, Gonzalez Campo C, Gonzalez-Valderrama A, Guinjoan S, Holla B, Ibañez A, Ivanovic D, Jackowski A, Leon-Ortiz P, Lochner C, López-Jaramillo C, Luckhoff H, Massuda R, McGuire P, Miyata J, Mizrahi R, Murray R, Ozerdem A, Pan PM, Parellada M, Phahladira L, Ramirez-Mahaluf JP, Reckziegel R, Reis Marques T, Reyes-Madrigal F, Roos A, Rosa P, Salum G, Scheffler F, Schumann G, Serpa M, Stein DJ, Tepper A, Tiego J, Ueno T, Undurraga J, Undurraga EA, Valdes-Sosa P, Valli I, Villarreal M, Winton-Brown TT, Yalin N, Zamorano F, Zanetti MV; cVEDA; Winkler AM, Pine DS, Evans-Lacko S, Crossley NA. Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 May 16;120(20):e2218782120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2218782120 es_ES
dc.identifier.uri https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2218782120
dc.identifier.uri https://repositorio.fleni.org.ar/xmlui/handle/123456789/1148
dc.description.abstract Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women's worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women's brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality. es_ES
dc.language.iso eng es_ES
dc.publisher National Academy of Sciences es_ES
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject Brain es_ES
dc.subject Cerebro es_ES
dc.subject Gender Equity es_ES
dc.subject Equidad de Género es_ES
dc.subject Sex Factors es_ES
dc.subject Factores Sexuales es_ES
dc.title Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men es_ES
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article es_ES
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.description.fil Fil: Castro, Mariana Nair. Fleni. Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET. Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
dc.description.fil Fil: Villarreal, Mirta Fabiana. Fleni. Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET. Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
dc.relation.ispartofVOLUME 120
dc.relation.ispartofNUMBER 20
dc.relation.ispartofCOUNTRY Estados Unidos
dc.relation.ispartofCITY Washington
dc.relation.ispartofTITLE Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
dc.relation.ispartofISSN 1091-6490
dc.type.snrd info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo es_ES


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